Araştırma Makalesi

Sebe’ Melikesi Kıssasının Tarihî ve Kültürel Tahlili

Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1 30 Haziran 2022
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Historical and Cultural Analysis of Story of Queen of Sheba

Abstract

There are issues in various fields about the stories of the Qur’an such as fiqh, moral and values education etc. Stories of the Qur’an have also been the subject of many studies in tafsir. In the modern period, the source and historical reality of the Qur’anic stories are the most debated issues. It is important to analyze the stories with a historical and cultural perspective to end these issues. Story of the Queen of Sheba is one of the stories of Yemen origin that is mentioned in the verses al-Naml 27/20-44. However, it is also included in Bible and Ethiopian national saga Kebra Nagast. This is an important factor in the argument of the source and historical reality of the related story. By virtue of this matter, the topic of research has been limited as a historical and cultural analysis of the story of Queen of Sheba.

This study aims to reveal the historical and cultural reality of this story. In addition, it is aimed to throw light on reasons for the story in different cultures, its historical and cultural background, its sources, and reality. Due to the fact that the research has an interdisciplinary content, the sources vary. The basis works of tafsir, hadith, general history, Arab cultural history, sirah, geography, ansab and dictionary are our main sources. Alongside of Islamic sources, studies of Western researchers have been taken into consideration given the fact that they are directly related to the subject. The story of the Queen of Sheba is included in Qur’an, Bible, and Ethiopian national saga Kebra Nagast. Therefore, there are various names attributed to the queen.

In addition, the issue of whether the Queen of Sheba is a historical figure was also discussed, and different opinions were expressed on the subject. Abraham Geiger (1810-1874) and W. St. Clair-Tisdall (1859-1928) assert that story of Queen of Sheba was taken from Targum Sheni (Targum II). C. H. Toy moots that this story passed from Jews in North Arabia to Arabs and was used by Prophet. Narratives about the story were evaluated with the date fact rapport method, the method of comparison and interpretation were extremely used in the research. In the introduction, information about the topic, scope, aim, importance, method and sources of research are presented. Firstly, expression of the story in different sources was mentioned, later its historical reality and source, and historical identity of the Queen of Sheba was handled, respectively. 

As a result of the research, we have concluded that this story of Yemen origin has historical and cultural reality. Thus, it has been confirmed that some factors are mentioned in the Old Testament and the Qur’an correspond to historical facts. In the Old Testament, Queen of Sheba visits Solomon with various spices, plenty of gold, and precious stones. In the Qur’ân people of Sheba worship the sun. These can be given as examples. Informality of Geiger’s and Tisdall’s theses has been proved about this story’s source. Targum Sheni is a work that is collected from different sources, and it was formed in the VII century AD. (late century) or VIII. century. It has been determined that Queen of Sheba isn’t Makeda and Belqis. Content of Kebra Nagast is based on ancient legends, idioms, and traditions that are taken from different sources. Belqis, whose identity is a controversial topic lived during the Himyarites (115 BC-525 AD). Therefore, her visit to Solomon is impossible. Although the historical identity of Queen of Sheba can’t be determined with available data, archaeological and epigraphic records show the generality of women in the saddle in that period. Also, Southern Arabian, and Mediterranean trade developed much earlier than related era. The mentioned factors can be referred to the fact that Queen of Sheba is a historical figure.

Keywords

Teşekkür

Teknik yardımlarından dolayı kıymetli dostum Arş. Gör. Dr. Yasemin İPEK'e teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  1. Abbott, Nabia. “Pre-Islamic Arab Queens”. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 58/1 (1941).
  2. Abdürrezzâk es-San‘ânî, Ebû Bekr. Tefsîrü’l-Kur’ân. thk. Mustafa Müslim Muhammed. 3 Cilt. Riyad: Mektebetü’r-Rüşd, 1989.
  3. Adamu, Mamman Musa. “The Legend of Queen Sheba, the Solomonic Dynasty and Ethiopian History: An Analysis”. African Research Review 3/1 (2009), 468-482.
  4. Ali, Cevâd. el-Mufassal fî târîhi’l-Arab kable’l-İslâm. 10 Cilt. Bağdat: Sâadetü Câmiati Bağdad, 2. Basım, 1993.
  5. Aykıt, Dursun Ali. Etiyopya Kilisesi. İstanbul: Ayışığı Kitapları, 2013.
  6. Bâfakîh, Muhammed Abdülkâdir. Târîhu’l-Yemeni’l-Kadîm. Beyrut: Bibliotheca Alexandrina, 1985.
  7. Bahar, Murat. “Türkiye’de Kur’ân Kıssaları Üzerine Yapılan Tefsir Tezleri ve Temel Söylemleri”. Kur’ân Araştırmalarında Akademik Tezler -Batı ve İslâm Dünyası Mukayesesi- (Türkiye ve Batı),. ed. Bilal Gökkır vdğ. İstanbul: İlim Yayma Vakfı Kur’ân ve Tefsir Akademisi, 2018.
  8. Begavî, Ebû Muhammed Muhyissünne. Tefsîru’l-Begavî (Me‘âlimü’t-tenzîl). thk. Süleyman Müslim el-Harrâş vdğ. 8 Cilt. Riyad: Dâru Tayyibe, 1991.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Din, Toplum ve Kültür Araştırmaları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2022

Gönderilme Tarihi

15 Nisan 2022

Kabul Tarihi

9 Haziran 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 1970 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD
Yazıcı, Elif. “Sebe’ Melikesi Kıssasının Tarihî ve Kültürel Tahlili”. Marife Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi 22/1 (01 Haziran 2022): 315-338. https://doi.org/10.33420/marife.1103927.

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