EN
TR
Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī's Approach of Salafism and its Effect on Young People from Balkans
Abstract
Nāṣir Al-Dīn Al-Albānī was born in 1914 in Shkodra, Albania. Albānī's father, Noah Nejati, immigrated to Damascus due to the policies of King Ahmet Zogu to intimidate Muslims. Syria was a country affected by colonialism under the French mandate during this period. Therefore, Noah Necati enrolled his son in a private school named Madrasat Jamiyyat al-Isaaf al-Khayriyya, not a public school. When he graduated from the primary school, he learned his father's profession, clock repair, and went to the Dar al-Kutub al-Zahiriyya library in Damascus and started to examine the hadith manuscripts there. It is noteworthy that he prepared the indexes of the hadith manuscripts in the library, discovered some manuscripts that the scholars hadn’t been aware of, and revealed manuscripts in some private libraries. His effort made him to be an important hadith scholar in the science of hadith. Albānī did not regularly go through the education of a scholar or school and he trained himself without a teacher. Although he did not have any academic career, nothing prevented him from teaching at the Islamic University of Medina. However, his views quickly sparked controversy at the university and caused his career to end in a short time, from 1961 to 1963.
According to Albānī, the Qur'an and Sunnah should be taken as the basis in order to understand religion, not the fatwas of the imams of the sects. It is not correct to make the sectarian rules a religion and to accept it as Islam itself. Adherence to fiqh sects is not mandatory. After criticizing the views of the sects on many issues, Albānī explains that "there is such a provision in the authentic sunnah on this issue". He also mentions that fiqh sects conflict with hadiths on many issues while using the concept of Fiqh As-Sunnah. He states that a fiqh method based on direct hadiths should be adopted rather than the method of sects. It is seen that Albānī tries to come up with an alternative fiqh for sects while using the concepts of fiqh al-hadith or fiqh as-sunnah. Albani was also criticized by Saud scholars because he took Hadith as a reference instead of the methodology of the Hanbali sect. According to them, Albani’s approach is a threat to the authority of Saud scholars. To Albani, adherence to a sect is the reason for leaving the Hadith. Albānī also had sectarian disagreements with his father, Noah Necati, who was a strong supporter of Hanafi sect. According to Albānī, the reason why his father was a fanatic Hanafi was that he abandoned some hadiths and it is not permissible to abandon the hadith under any circumstances.
To move to Jordan in 1980 began to transform Albani’s understanding of Salafism into a consistent form. Many young people began to gather around him as the students of the Shari'a. Albani's relocation to Jordan was an important starting point for young students, and the number of Salafis increased dramatically. Albani's understanding of Salafism began to take root with the activities of those students. One of the most important activities of the students is to record Albani's speeches. During his time in Jordan, he had been forbidden to preach in public places and mosques. Therefore, his speeches for small groups at home meetings or on different platforms were recorded. It has been one of the most important aspects that distinguishes Albani from contemporary scholars. Most of the conversation recordings are in question-answer format, while the other part consists of conferences, conversations and sermons. All speech recordings are gathered under the title of Silsilat al-Huda wa al-Nur. They consist of subjects such as Sirah, Hadith History, Hadith Method, invitation, jihad, belief and takfir. The recordings of Albani's speech were in Arabic and Albanian. In the study, Albani's understanding of Salafism and its influence on Balkan students will be discussed based on the recordings of his speech in Albanian. Among the students raised by Albani, some went to Jordan from the Balkans. Students have translated his books, set up websites for him, and disseminated their ideas by creating discussion forums and social platforms. However, it can be said that the most effective method for the dissemination of Albani's ideas was the audio recordings of his speeches in Albanian. In this study, audio recordings will mostly be used to understand Albani's thoughts and his effect on young people. In addition, written sources such as books and articles will also be used. The oldest recording which has reached to us is from 1993. These speech recordings were shared by Albani's students on different platforms on social media. Audio recordings consist of conversations from their weekly or monthly chats. Although written sources such as books and articles are included, the scope of the study will be limited to the audio recordings of Sheikh Albani.
According to Albānī, the Qur'an and Sunnah should be taken as the basis in order to understand religion, not the fatwas of the imams of the sects. It is not correct to make the sectarian rules a religion and to accept it as Islam itself. Adherence to fiqh sects is not mandatory. After criticizing the views of the sects on many issues, Albānī explains that "there is such a provision in the authentic sunnah on this issue". He also mentions that fiqh sects conflict with hadiths on many issues while using the concept of Fiqh As-Sunnah. He states that a fiqh method based on direct hadiths should be adopted rather than the method of sects. It is seen that Albānī tries to come up with an alternative fiqh for sects while using the concepts of fiqh al-hadith or fiqh as-sunnah. Albani was also criticized by Saud scholars because he took Hadith as a reference instead of the methodology of the Hanbali sect. According to them, Albani’s approach is a threat to the authority of Saud scholars. To Albani, adherence to a sect is the reason for leaving the Hadith. Albānī also had sectarian disagreements with his father, Noah Necati, who was a strong supporter of Hanafi sect. According to Albānī, the reason why his father was a fanatic Hanafi was that he abandoned some hadiths and it is not permissible to abandon the hadith under any circumstances.
To move to Jordan in 1980 began to transform Albani’s understanding of Salafism into a consistent form. Many young people began to gather around him as the students of the Shari'a. Albani's relocation to Jordan was an important starting point for young students, and the number of Salafis increased dramatically. Albani's understanding of Salafism began to take root with the activities of those students. One of the most important activities of the students is to record Albani's speeches. During his time in Jordan, he had been forbidden to preach in public places and mosques. Therefore, his speeches for small groups at home meetings or on different platforms were recorded. It has been one of the most important aspects that distinguishes Albani from contemporary scholars. Most of the conversation recordings are in question-answer format, while the other part consists of conferences, conversations and sermons. All speech recordings are gathered under the title of Silsilat al-Huda wa al-Nur. They consist of subjects such as Sirah, Hadith History, Hadith Method, invitation, jihad, belief and takfir. The recordings of Albani's speech were in Arabic and Albanian. In the study, Albani's understanding of Salafism and its influence on Balkan students will be discussed based on the recordings of his speech in Albanian. Among the students raised by Albani, some went to Jordan from the Balkans. Students have translated his books, set up websites for him, and disseminated their ideas by creating discussion forums and social platforms. However, it can be said that the most effective method for the dissemination of Albani's ideas was the audio recordings of his speeches in Albanian. In this study, audio recordings will mostly be used to understand Albani's thoughts and his effect on young people. In addition, written sources such as books and articles will also be used. The oldest recording which has reached to us is from 1993. These speech recordings were shared by Albani's students on different platforms on social media. Audio recordings consist of conversations from their weekly or monthly chats. Although written sources such as books and articles are included, the scope of the study will be limited to the audio recordings of Sheikh Albani.
Keywords
References
- Abdulvehhab, Muhammed. Kitâbu’t-Tevhîd . Mektebetu’l-’Ulûm ve’l-Hikem, 2007.
- Abū-Rummān, Muḥammad - Abu Hanieh, Hassan. Conservative salafism: A strategy for the \\textquotedblislamization of society\\textquotedbl and an ambiguous relationship with the state . Amman: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Amman Office, 2010.
- Albani, M. Nasiruddin. “01. Shejh Albani (Pyetje Pergjigje- SHQIP)”, 1994. Erişim 23 Mart 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0oI9WWPYr4&t=30s
- Albani, M. Nasiruddin. “02. Shejh Albani (Pyetje Pergjigje- SHQIP)”. Erişim 20 Nisan 2021. Erişim 20 Nisan 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uze308AFTA&t=17s
- Albani, M. Nasiruddin. “03. Shejh Albani (Pyetje Pergjigje- SHQIP)”. Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021. Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmdy_ceKmTk
- Albani, M. Nasiruddin. “06. Shejh Albani (Pyetje dhe përgjigje - Shqip)”, 1993. Erişim 28 Ocak 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKuQHAviJR8
- Albani, M. Nasiruddin. “07. Shejh Albani (Pyetje dhe përgjigje - Shqip)”. Erişim 03 Ocak 2021. Erişim 03 Ocak 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZAqlEELcs8
- Albani, M. Nasiruddin. “08. Shejh Albani (Pyetje dhe përgjigje - Shqip)”, 1994. Erişim 19 Şubat 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAzlv4IVKxk&t=1898s
Details
Primary Language
Turkish
Subjects
Religion, Society and Culture Studies
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
December 30, 2022
Submission Date
July 18, 2022
Acceptance Date
November 22, 2022
Published in Issue
Year 1970 Volume: 22 Number: 2