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The Jewish Image in the Writings of Peyami Safa
Abstract
Jews, who have developed relations at different levels with various nations since ancient times, have sometimes been remembered with positive characteristics and sometimes with negative ones, encountering widespread violence, particularly in their relations with Europeans. Jews, who were under the pressure of anti-Judaism arising from religious reasons for centuries, have been under the pressure of anti-Semitism arising from secular reasons since the 19th century. While Jews living in Europe suffered such a fate, Jews living in the Ottoman Empire experienced deep religious and secular tolerance. When the Republic of Turkey was established after the Ottoman Empire withdrew from the historical stage, the Ottoman Empire's tolerance towards Jews continued, but its basis changed. In the 20th century, global governance evolved. Instead of the religious-based nation concept of the age of empires, the modern world adopted a secular nation concept. In the Republic of Turkey, established in line with this new understanding, the perspective towards Jews was shaped accordingly. In this new period, the state evaluated Jews based on their citizenship and loyalty to national values, rather than the religion-based nation system.
Peyami Safa, who lived through the final periods of the Ottoman Empire and saw the establishment of the Republic, successfully reflected this transition period and the difference in perspective in his writings about Jews. This feature of Peyami Safa made his thoughts about Jews important and worthy of research. Another reason Peyami Safa's thoughts are significant is that his writings are not confined to the period in which he lived; they are still read with interest today and attract the attention of researchers. Peyami Safa's thoughts about Jews are found in his articles in newspapers and magazines. Writing for over forty years and earning his living from his writings, Safa penned hundreds of articles in many newspapers and magazines. These articles were sometimes written under his own name, sometimes under a pen name, and sometimes anonymously, in line with the changing conditions of the time. This creates difficulty in accessing and classifying Peyami Safa's thoughts about Jews according to their subjects.
Another difficulty faced is the evolution of Safa's thoughts according to the conditions of his time. His changing thoughts affected his perspective on Jews, leading to different viewpoints in his writings. This made it challenging to understand his writings about Jews without delving into their context. As a Turkish nationalist who evaluated the 20th century as a century of nationality, Safa discussed Jews in two dimensions: national and international. On a national scale, he criticized Jews in the context of Turkification and speaking Turkish. On an international scale, he criticized Jews in the context of the Second World War and the subsequent Arab-Israeli Wars. The basis of his national criticisms is the experiences gained during the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic. Having experienced the harmful activities of foreigners and minorities and witnessed the occupation period, Safa drew on these experiences in his criticism of Jews, driven by security concerns. This security concern led him to adopt a critical attitude towards Jews, generally creating a negative image of them in his writings. The basis of his international criticism is his closeness to the Germans and the attitude of the Jews in the Arab-Israeli conflict.
In this study, Peyami Safa's thoughts are discussed, and his writings about Jews are examined through newspaper archives. The study is divided into three parts: Peyami Safa's mental background, his worldview and thoughts about Jews, and the Jewish image that appears in his writings. The analysis is presented using a chronological and descriptive method.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
This study was produced based on the PhD thesis named " The Image of the Jewish in the Republic Period Turkish Intellectual Circle” (Erciyes University, Social Sciences Institute, 2024, Kayseri).
References
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Details
Primary Language
Turkish
Subjects
Religious Studies (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Murat Kaya
*
0000-0001-6729-278X
Türkiye
Publication Date
June 30, 2024
Submission Date
March 7, 2024
Acceptance Date
June 27, 2024
Published in Issue
Year 1970 Volume: 24 Number: 1