Araştırma Makalesi

Japon Yeni Dinî Hareketi Ōmoto’nun İnançları

Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2 30 Aralık 2022
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Japanese New Religious Movement Ōmoto's Beliefs

Abstract

Ōmoto is a Shinto-based Japanese New Religious Movement (NRM), the most popular one of Japanese Religious History. The movement, which was initiated in the Meiji Period (1868-1912) in Japanese History, came to the fore in the periods of Taishō (1912-1927) and Shōwa (1927-1945) by combining their beliefs and practices with their worldly-political thoughts. The movement, which was pacified with the Modern Period (1945-), entered the process of division with the influence of different tendencies. Today, they continue their activities as three separate religious groups. Ōmoto includes three basic teachings: the "Three Great Learnings", the "The Four Teachings" and the "The Four Principles". These are the beliefs that regulate the relationship between man and God and how they should be lived. Firstly, Ōmoto presents an inclusive religious worldview within the framework of Three Great Learnings: to think about the identity of true god by observing heaven and earth, to consider the power of god by seeing that the universe is not separate but one, and to think about the true god by being prepared for the nature of life. Secondly, there are the Four Teachings, namely Matsuri, Oshie, Narawashi, and Nariwai. Matsuri refers to each regular or irregular act of worship including offering and prayer in Ōmoto. Oshie means teaching and refers to the two main scriptures of the movement of Ōmoto Shin’yu and Reikai Monogatari. Narawashi describes the belief that human life consists of habits and man must arrange his habits according to God's will for god-human harmony. On the other hand, Nariwai means proper work and expresses the belief that one should focus on improving the results achieved with the soul. According to this, it is believed that the results will be good if a person uses own soul well and the results will be bad if person uses it badly. Thirdly, there are the Four Principles, which are Seiketsu Shugi, Rakuten Shugi, Shinten Shugi, and Tōitsu Shugi. Seiketsu Shugi means purification of the mind and body, and it means to get rid of polluting situations such as death, illness and immorality. It is stated that getting rid of them is possible with purification rituals. Rakuten Shugi means optimism, expressing a belief that the world will become a better world of salvation. Shinten Shugi means progressivism and emphasizes the belief that people should develop and progress in social life by renewing their mind and body. Tōitsu Shugi, on the other hand, means unification and explains the belief that the duality between good and bad man, rich and poor, god and man in the universe should be eliminated. Accordingly, there must be order and unity in order to avoid discrimination and injustice in society. In addition to being a Shintoist-oriented NRM, Ōmoto has an inclusive monotheistic belief in God and believes that all religions in the world come from a single source. Accordingly, they believe that all religions' beliefs and worships are practiced for only one God and they each one carries a piece of truth. The supreme god, called Ōmotosume Ōmikami in Ōmoto, is believed to have a dual aspect as Kunitokotachi no Mikoto and Toyokumunu no Mikoto. Their sacred texts, their beliefs about the universe and salvation have also developed in this way. There are two scriptures called Ōmoto Shin'yu and Reikai Monogatari in Ōmoto. The first one is attributed to Nao Dehuchi, the second one is to Onisaburō Deguchi. In Ōmoto, there are two main universe as the big cosmos called Daiuchū and the small cosmos called Shōuchū. Daiuchū refers to thousands of unknown universes including the human universe, while Shōuchū refers to the human universe and world. There are three types of salvation beliefs in Ōmoto, which are also seen as stages of salvation. The first is the application of individual rules, the second is the application of social rules, and the third is that the salvation is possible when the world becomes the world of salvation with the coming of the savior. Our research on Ōmoto's beliefs consists of six parts: Basic Teachings, Understanding of God, Understanding of Sacred Man, Sacred Texts, Understanding of Universe and Understanding of Salvation. Our study is the first comprehensive study in terms of examining Ōmoto beliefs in our country and world literature, and it is aimed to contribute to further researches through this study.

Keywords

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Din Araştırmaları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Aralık 2022

Gönderilme Tarihi

14 Ekim 2022

Kabul Tarihi

28 Aralık 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 1970 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD
Karaoğlu, Yetkin. “Japon Yeni Dinî Hareketi Ōmoto’nun İnançları”. Marife Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi 22/2 (01 Aralık 2022): 655-683. https://doi.org/10.33420/marife.1188589.

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