EN
TR
Metaphysical Journey and Imru’ al-Qays in the Context of Risâlat al-Ghufrân
Abstract
One of the most interesting literary themes of classical Arabic literature is the theme of metaphysical journey. In this theme, where a journey beyond the boundaries of reality is designed, the author makes an imaginary character he created wander around in metaphysical spaces and talk to some figures inspired by his social life, environment and culture. Therefore, the events and people in such works are closely related to the religious and social life of the author. The purpose of writing these fictional works is generally to create a suitable discussion ground for the philosophy, literature and language issues that the author wants to address. The author expresses his views freely by creating an endless field of expression on this fictional basis he created to express his views.
Many works on the theme of metaphysical journey have been written since the early periods of Arabic literature. The main ones of these works are Badıʿ al-Zamân al-Hamadânî's makâma called al-Makâma al-Iblîsiyya, Ibn Suhayd's work called Risâlat al-Tavâbiʿ va’l-Zavâbiʿ and Abû al-ʿAlâʾ al-Maʿarrî’s work called Risâlat al-Ghufrân. These three works, in which the protagonists are taken on a journey to various imaginary places, have many similarities. However, the most important and unique similarity that concerns this study, which focuses on the poetry of the Ignorant poet Imru' al-Qays, is that all three works include the mention of Imru' al-Qays. However, in some of these works, Imru' al-Qays's name is included in a very short section, while in others, his poetry is focused on at length. It is understood from here that the poem of Imru' al-Qays should be mentioned in a work written on language and literature, regardless of whether the discussion about Imru' al-Qays is long or short.
In the first two of the three works, Imru' al-Qays is not among the people the protagonists meet in the metaphysical places they go to. Therefore, the authors did not engage their protagonists and Imru' al-Qays in a direct dialogue. However, in the third work, Risâlat al-Ghufrân, the author al-Maʿarrî’ put his protagonist into a direct dialogue with Imru' al-Qays and made him ask various questions about his poems. In other words, Imru' al-Qays became one of the characters in the plot of this fictional work. This is the most important feature that distinguishes the work from other similar ones.
One of the most interesting literary themes of classical Arabic literature is the theme of metaphysical journey. Abû al-ʿAlâʾ al-Maʿarrî’s Risâlat al-Ghufrân is one of the leading works with this theme, in which a journey where the boundaries of reality are exceeded is designed. In this work, al-Maʿarrî exalts his friend Ibn al-Kârih to the skies in order to answer his questions about some writers and poets who are considered heretics and infidels and to show the situation of the people he is curious about. In this metaphysical journey, starting from heaven and going to hell, Ibn al-Kârih encounters many scholars, writers and poets and has the opportunity to ask them questions about issues related to philosophy, language and literature. One of the people that he met in hell after completing his journey in heaven and whom he personally met and asked various questions was Imru' al-Qays. The questions asked to Imru' al-Qays in this fictional dialogue consist of the issues related to dictionary, syntax, kâfiya, ʿarûd and rivâyat of his poetry. So much so that the iʿrâb aspects and dictionary meanings of some words in the verses were discussed, as well as evaluations were made regarding the belonging of some poems. In addition, kâfiya and ʿarûd defects in the poems have also been discussed. In this respect, al-Maʿarrî revealed his views on Imru' al-Qays's poetry through a fiction and subjected his poetry to literary criticism.
In the first part of the study, the theme of metaphysical journey and its historical adventure in Arabic literature are mentioned, the main works written on this subject are briefly introduced and their effects on other works that follow them are mentioned. Then, the issue of to what extent these works included Imru' al-Qays was emphasized. In the second chapter, al-Maʿarrî’s evaluations of Imru' al-Qays's poetry are discussed in detail.
Keywords
Etik Beyan
Bu makale Uluslararası İmruu'l-Kays Sempozyumu’nda sözlü olarak sunulan ancak tam metni yayımlanmayan “Fizikötesi Bir Yolculukta İmruu'l-Kays: Risâletü'l-Gufrân Örneği” adlı tebliğin içeriği geliştirilerek ve kısmen değiştirilerek üretilmiş hâlidir.
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
Arap Dili ve Belagatı
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Halis Dişci
*
0000-0002-0620-5870
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi
17 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi
23 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 1970 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2