Marife Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi

Öz

Summary
The Prophet Mohammed (p.b.u.h.) is a messenger sent as an example to his ummah in every field related to human beings. The model he put forward in terms of both action and behavior is called sunnah. Therefore, besides the actions of the exemplary personality that Allah sent to humanity, every word attributed to him includes a value judgment in terms of the language of religion. The Prophet, who grew up in a fluent language and actively used the linguistic presence of Arabic, which was spoken in his own age, with all its aspects, effectively and dynamically conveyed the messages he wanted to convey in accordance with his duty to declare the divine truths given to him in The Qur'an. From a linguistic point of view, The Messenger of Allah, who had a unique style, set a model that should be followed in communicating with people within the framework of being an ideal role model for Muslims. The styles of expression, in which he used the expressive techniques of the fluent Arabic language effectively in his own period, form a part of his sunnah, which is a general concept, the basic features of which are described above in terms of form and content. For this reason, linguistic analysis and evaluations to be made on the statements attributed to him should be considered as a part of the prophetic discourse he developed in accordance with his prophetic mission. One of the most important evidences confirming this determination is that; when we look at the expressions based on The Prophet in general, there is no waste of words in any way. Because, from his point of view, speech is a valuable phenomenon that should not be wasted.
Before proceeding to the examination of the hadiths in terms of linguistic evaluation, it is necessary to consider whether the words attributed to The Prophet and generally narrated are reliable materials about his style. In the context of language studies, the only field in which the issue of generally narration in the hadiths is dealt with is Arabic grammar, which is a normative and rule-making science. Moreover, there are linguists who are accepted as authorities, such as Ibn Hisham and Ibn Malik, who argue that hadiths can be used as an testify in Arabic grammar in the absolute sense. Linguists such as Abu Hilal al-Askeri, Ibn Rashik al-Kayravani, Abdolkahir al-Jorjani and al-Taftazani, who are the authors of some source texts that played an important role in the development of the philosophy of rhetoric, did not discuss the issue of the generally transmission of the hadiths. In terms of linguistics, the hadiths are one of the sources of the language existence of classical Arabic, which reflects the style of The Prophet, and the issue of spiritual transmission of the hadiths does not pose any problem, especially in rhetoric studies. In addition, when we look at the expressions attributed to The Messenger of Allah in the authentic hadith books, it is understood that there are no differences in wording that would cause trouble in determining his stylistic features.
A linguistic study to be made on an expression belonging to The Prophet is a style and discourse analysis in nature. From this perspective, the starting point of the literary evaluation of the expressions used by the The Prophet in his communication with people in general and with children in particular is to correctly identify the basic elements of his ontological view of human existence. From this point of view, it can be stated that; The Prophet sees human beings as a respected and valuable being whom Allah has addressed and created. Therefore, he revealed in his words and actions that every human being, whether small or large, male or female, is valuable, and he set an exceptional example in this regard.
The Prophet adopted a style of expression suitable for their cognitive development levels in his communication with children. Accordingly, from time to time, he gave high-level messages that adults could understand, according to the comprehension and understanding capacity of the children he dealt with. Sometimes, for example, he used a poetic expression in order to console a child who was heartbroken because his beloved bird died. Therefore, his stylistic features in his communication with children show a very active and dynamic appearance in terms of expression technique.
In this article, the expressions that The Prophet used about children in general and in his dialogues with them in particular were examined linguistically through examples. Contribution of the data obtained as a result of the research to interdisciplinary hadith studies.