Research Article

Approaches to Basmala in Islamic Sources and Orientalist Texts

Volume: 21 Number: 1 June 30, 2021
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Approaches to Basmala in Islamic Sources and Orientalist Texts

Abstract

Many works on basmala have been written since the early ages. These works both try to determine the position of the basmala in the Knowledge of Readings of Qur’ān (‘ilm al-qiraat) and Islamic Law in the technical sense, as well as the effect of it on both Muslim individuals and Islamic societies. In this article, the position of the basmala in Islamic sources in terms of its scientific, technical, artistic and actual significance is mentioned. Besides other works of high representation value, the work of Abu Shama al-Makdisi d. (665/1267) Kitâbu’l-Basmala is particularly worth mentioning. In addition, the orientalist approach will be tried to be revealed by going to the texts. Among these works, the most important one is Geschichte des Qorāns (The History of The Qur’ān), which was written by Nöldeke d. (1930) on the history of the Qur’ān and became the bedside book of contemporary orientalism’s Qur’ānic studies. Due to its direct connection with the Qur’an, the ulûmü'l-Qur'an was accepted as the most honorable and valuable of the sciences. Therefore, Islamic scholars have written many works on the Qur'an and Qur'anic sciences since the early ages. In our age, it has become very difficult to conduct studies that cover the sciences as a whole, so it has become common to specialize by branching and classifying the sciences. In this article, the subject of basmalah that every Muslim knows and makes a part of his daily life will be examined by taking Islamic sources and especially Abū Shāma's work named Kitâbü'l-Basmalah to the center. Abū Shāma's book is one of the works with high representation value in terms of having a command of the literature that was formed on this subject before him and examining the subject by giving both the criteria of the Qur’an scholars and the approaches of the jurists. Works written after him frequently made references to his work. In this study, it is also aimed to give an opportunity to compare with the orientalist approach, which has produced serious works on Islamic and Qur'anic issues and concepts, especially after the Renaissance and Reform movements. In addition to the orientalist works put forward in this sense, the work of Nöldeke, who has had a great impact in terms of both subject, method and approach in these studies after him, was taken into the center. The English translation of the work will be used here. In contemporary orientalist studies, it has been seen that this issue is evaluated on the basis of Nöldeke's work. The article also wants to reveal that the orientalist evaluation style has a different purpose and method than the Islamic approach. In his work, Nöldeke aimed to reveal the opposing attitude among Muslims on the issue of basmala. Therefore, making such a comparison is essential for an accurate assessment of the issue. Another purpose of the study is to provide an example of what Islamic scholars see their scholarly works as a way of serving Islam. The fact that all the surahs of the Qur’an are initiated with it is a kind of entry key will be enough to understand the reason of the position that the basmalah has among Islamic scholars and Muslims. In addition, within the framework of the work of Abū Shāma, the position of the basmala in terms such as ‘akâid, qiraat, tafsīr, hadith, fiqh, grammar, sirah, history will be presented briefly. Approach to this subject will be examined in other orientalist texts when necessary, centered on Nöldeke's work. This will be tried to be carried out by comparing both the similarities and differences, if any, of the orientalist approach to the general Qur'anic approaches and the attitudes about the basmala, as well as the Islamic narrative and narrative style based on the Islamic narration, and the consultative study style in the sense that it is treated as a human product. This examination and comparison will be carried out within the framework of the work of Abū Shāma, who represents the Islamic sources at the highest level, and in terms of the representation of the orientalist approach, Nöldeke. In drawing the frame of the subject, the subtitles in these two works were taken as a basis.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Religious Studies

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 30, 2021

Submission Date

April 11, 2021

Acceptance Date

May 25, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 21 Number: 1

ISNAD
Kızılaslan, İshak. “İslâmî Kaynaklarda Ve Oryantalist Metinlerde Besmeleye Yaklaşımlar”. Marife Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi 21/1 (June 1, 2021): 59-77. https://doi.org/10.33420/marife.913335.

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