Mu’tezile’ye Göre Allah’a İman Konusunda Aklın Gücü ve Sorumluluğu

The schools of Islamic theology have the consensus on the view that maarifatullah is rational knowledge. Some Mu’tazilite leading schools in the movement authorizing reason on the subjects of Islamic faith, say that an inherent intuition in human mind is decisive on belief in god. However, maarifatullah (knowledge of god) is an a posteriori knowledge. According to the others, maarifatullah is an a priori knowledge. While the latter says that implication and inference are not a religious obligation, according to the first group, implication and inference are obligatory on everyone who has reached the age of discretion. The Esharites and some of the Maturidites have the opinion that religious responsibility does’nt occur unless the divine order comes. According to the Mu’tazilah, faith which is incumbent on human beings through reason, must be founded on reasoning. That they have considered imitative belief as null is related to the opinion that growing out of mental process and inference is a great sin (kabira). The Mu’tazilite thought esteems inference and authorizes the reason and holds it responsible. This school has influenced in the belief that inference in theological subjects has become a theological doctrine in Islam.