Marife Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi

Öz

After the Companions, who transmitted to us about the words, actions and events of the Prophet (pbuh), some debates arose about their belonging to the blessed messenger. Islamic scholars, who tried to eliminate these discussions, developed some principles and tried to determine which of them actually belonged to the Messenger of Allah. While performing this, they also examined the khabar from an epistemological point of view. However, they expressed different views on the provision of conflicting akhbār, which do not have a hierarchical relationship between each other, since they are at the same level. While the hadith scholars express their thoughts on this subject under a special litera-ture called ikhlāf al-hadith, mukhtalif al-hadith and mushkil al-hadith; fiqh scholars mostly mentioned their views on the subject under the headings such as ta‘āruḍ, mu‘āraḍah, mumāna‘ah and ta‘ādül in their usūl books. Imam Shafi'i (d. 204/820) can be regarded as the founder of this literature with his frequent use of the concepts of tearuz and disagreement, dedicating the last chapter of al-Umm to the subject of ihtilāf al-hadīth, and setting out the principles of this science in al-Risāla. As it is known, the works written cannot be exempt from the scholarly, social and political atmosphere of the period. In this respect, it is possible to say that Ibn Qutayba (d. 276/889) was responsible for the transformation of this literature into refutations against opposing ideas. Ibn Qutayba wrote al-Ta'wīl'ü Muhtelifi'l-Hadīth to show that there was no contradiction between the hadiths, many of which were subject to criticism by the Mu'ta-zilites. In this context, the related literature is not only a branch of science that eliminates the contra-diction between narrations that are supposed to contradict each other, but also a product of the strugg-le of opposing ideas against each other.In this study, the principles of ta‘āruḍ and tarjīh for al-Badjī, one of the first systematic methodologists of Maliki sect, were examined through sample texts. The claims that Maliki thought is more close to the school of ahl al-raʾy in comparison with ahl al-hadīth and that the jurists are not busy with the pro-ofs of the narrations have been discussed in terms of the principles of ta‘āruḍ and tarjīh. In this context, it has been determined that al-Badji does not confine ta‘āruḍ to reports only but interp-rets it as a concept that includes illah. In our study, the issues related to illah were not touched on, the subject was examined within the framework of khabar theory. It has been observed that al-Badji defen-ded the view that it is not possible to collect apparently contradictory reports and claimed that the di-sagreement and preference will emerge in the promissory note and text. With this in mind, al-Badji cla-imed that in the selection criteria related to the deed, the narrations of the transmitters who are supe-rior in terms of dabt and hifz, which do not conflict in their narrations, and who are more inquisitive and regular in the field of hadith, should be preferred. In addition to this, he argued that the more fa-mous and common narrations, which are tolerated by sama way, are suitable for the deeds of the peop-le of Madina, and whose proofs are free from contradiction, should also be preferred. In addition, he examined the issues of preference of marfu to mawquf and musnad to mursal, on which the muhad-dithun focused, under the preference criteria related to the deed. It is very important that al-Badji attac-hes importance to the preference criteria related to the promissory note as much as the preference cri-teria related to the text, as it will also correct the mumpsimus that the jurists are not interested in the documents of the narrations. al-Badji argued that the following types of reports should be accepted: Which is free from contradiction and conflict, in accordance with the logic that it indicates in the field where it is said, expressing an in-dependent meaning without the need for interpretation, no allocation, which helps to determine the purpose of the provision it contains, affecting the judgment, not transmitted due to a reason, decreed upon, transmitted in various meanings with different phrases and words and containing behaviors un-becoming of the Companions. In addition to all these, he claimed that if any of the conflicting reports items cannot be preferred, both can be preferred. As a result of the research, the fact that the jurists had their own equipment and the ability to process the narration material was brought to light again.